Nicea until Ephesus Teaching on Apologetics Grid – Feb. 2026

 

 

Legend for Cells

Ap1. Answering questions of others Mk10:17-21; Lk12:14-17; 1Cor7

Ap11. Moses is older than Homer

W = Wrote explicitly on this teaching

Ap2. Answering alleged contradictions

 

I = Implied this is true or opposite is false

Ap3. Answering false moral accusations against Christians

 

N = Implied since accepted Nicene Creed

Ap4. Using questions Hag1:4,5,9; 2:11-13;Mal 3:7,8; Jn 10:34; 11:9

 

M = Mixed: some agree, others would not

Ap5. Nature witnesses to God Ps 19; Rom 1:18-20

 

P = partial ex: Irenaeus: Gnostics wrong to say Savior not killed since impassible

Ap6. Appeal to science

 

Ap7. First Cause (cosmological argument)

 

- = no reference found (so far)

Ap8. Only One is supreme

 

X = Disagree

Ap9. Appeal to historians Josh 10:13; 2 Sam 1:18; Num 21:14

 

blank = not researched yet

Ap10. Using chronology in apologetics

 

Writer totals include W’s & I’s but not P’s

Rows: blue=Bible manuscript, white=Christian writer, khaki=spurious, green=heresy, orange=schism, pink=strange writer, yellow=foreign missions, red=Christians persecuted, purple=Roman Catholics persecuting, brown=Christians persecuting

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

< Pages

Date A.D.

Ap

Ap

Ap

Ap

Ap

Ap

Ap

Ap

Ap

Ap

Ap

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Nicea I vs. Arians (c.318 bishops)

3

May-Jun 325

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Estimated 1,800 Christian bishops in the world

325

 

P. Michigan Inv. 3521 Middle Coptic Jn 6:22-25; 15:9-11

c.325

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Persian king Shapur II persecutes Christians

315,325-381

Persian Christians double-taxed after Constantine became a Christian. Violent persecution after 325. In Mesopotamia alone 1,150 Christians killed.

Persian Shapur II attacks Christian Lakhmid Arabs

325

In retaliation for prior raids into Persia, 60,000 soldiers kill everyone in al-Hera.

Creed of Arius for Constantine to restore him

0.1

328

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Juvencus’ poem: The Four Books of the Gospels (=Englynion)

31

329

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gregory the Illuminator

301-c.331

Brought Christianity to Armenia. Baptized his former persecutor King Tiridates III

Arian Council of Tyre to condemn Athanasius

335

Marcellus of Ancyra wrote strongly against this

Eustathius of Berrhoea, then Antioch (against Origen & Eusebius of Nicomedia)

< 0.25

324-337

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sethian Gnostic Gospel of Judas. Sahidic Coptic. Implied Jesus told Judas to turn him over to the Jewish authorities.

3.7

220-340

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eusebius of Caesarea (leader at Nicea)

240

318-339/340

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

W

W

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marcellus of Ancyra (said Trinity not forever)

17

c.336 & 340

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

St. Nino/Nuneh of Cappadocia

320-338/340

A nun who fled the violent persecution of Armenia, converted Queen Nana and King Mirian III of Iberia/Georgia. The gospel spread all across Georgia.

Synod of Antioch in Encaeniis (97 bishops)

3.5

summer 341

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Asterius the Sophist (Arian) disciple of Lucian of Antioch

 

-c.341

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mild Arian Creed of Antioch

1

c.341/344

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Sardica (Greek) (church discipline)

5

343/344

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Aphrahat/Aphraates, Select Demonstrations (believed in soul sleep)

67.25

337-345

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Macrostich Creed (very detailed)

2

344/345

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Firmicus Maternus On the Error of Profane Religions. God rewards persecuting pagans.

26

346/348

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A Poem on the Passion of the Lord

1

315-350

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Crosby-Schøyen (Sahidic Coptic) All of 1 Peter, Jonah. 2 Macc 5:27-7:41; Melito of Sardis On Pascha 47-105, a homily

250-350

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vaticanus (B) Most OT, all NT to Heb 9:15, no 1, 2 Tim, Tt, Phm, Rev. (6,979 verses) Every other NT verse except: Mt 12:47; 16:2b-3; 17:21; 18:11; 23:14; Mk 7:16; 9:44,46; 11:26; 15:28; 16:9-20; Lk 17:36; 22:43-44; Jn 5:4; 7:53-8:11; Acts 8:37; 15:34; 24:6; 28:29; Rom 16:24; 1 Pet 5:3

325-350

W

 

 

W

W

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sinaiticus (Aleph) half of OT. Every NT verse except:

Mt 12:47; 16:2b-3; 17:21; 18:11; 23:14; 24:35; Mk 1:33; 7:16; 9:44,46; 10:36; 11:26; 15:28; 16:9-20; Lk 10:32; 17:36; Jn 5:4; 7:53-8:11; 16:15; 19:20; 20:5b-6; 21:25; Acts 8:37; 15:34; 24:7; 28:29; Rom 16:24

340-350

W

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p25 Mt 18:32-34; 19:1-3,5-7,9f (8.5 verses)

350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p62 Mt 11:25-30 (6 verses)

350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p86 Mt5:13-16,22-25; p88 Mk2:1-26; p89 Heb6:7-9,15-17

350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p120 Jn 1:5-28,33-38,42-44 (33 verses)

350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p123 1 Cor 14:31-34; 15:3-6 (8 verses)

350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p126 Heb 13:12-13:19-20 (4 verses)

350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Schoyen Papyrus 6 Akhminic Coptic Jn 10:1-2,4-7,9-10,20: 11:1-8,45-52; Jms 1:1-12; 1 Clem 1:1-26:2

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Papyrus Osioensis Coptic Mt 11:25-30; Dan 3:51-53; Book of Odes

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p6 (Greek) Jn 10:1-2,4-7, 9-10; 11:1-8,45-52; (Akhminic Coptic) Jn 10:1-12,20; 13:1-2,11-12; Jms 1:13-5:20 (242 verses)

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p8 Acts 4:31-37;5:2-9;6:6,8-15 p10 Rom 1:1-7 (29 verses)

4th century

W

 

 

2W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p71 Mt 19:10f;17f (parts of 2 verses)

4th century

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p139 Phm 6-8,18-20 (6 verses)

4th century

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

058 Mt 18:18-19.22-23.25-26.28-29 (8 verses)

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0169 (= the Princeton fragment) Rev 3:19-4:3 (7 verses)

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0185 1 Cor 2:5-6,9,13; 3:2-3 (6 verses)

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0188 Mk 11:11-17 (6 verses)

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0206 1 Pet 5:1-13 (13 verses)

4th century

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0207 Rev 9:2-15 (13 verses)

4th century

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0221 Rom 5:16-17,19; 5:21-6:3 (7 verses)

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0222 1 Cor 9:5-7,10,12-13 (6 verses)

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0228 Heb 12:19-21,23-25 (6 verses)

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0230 Eph 6:11-12 (2 verses)

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0231 Mt 26:75; 27:1,3-4 (4 verses)

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0242 Mt 8:25-9:2; 13:32-38,40-46 (24 verses)

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0258 Jn 10:25-26 (2 verses)

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0308 Rev 11:15-16, 11:17-18 (4 verses)

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cairo Geniza Old Testament Fragments

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Michigan MS Inv 3992 1 Cor Tt, Ps

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Berlin MS Or. 408 Phm, 1 Jn, Rev

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bodmer III Bohairic Coptic Jn 1:1-21:25; Gen 1:1-4:2

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amon of Adrianople (martyr)

 

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Apostolic Canons (=Apostolical Canons)

6

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Faustus of Milevis/Milevum (Manichaean)

 

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hegemonius of Sirmium Acts of Archelaus Disputation with Manes

58.75

before 348

-

-

-

W

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

History of Joseph the Carpenter

6.5

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Book of Mary’s Repose (extant in Ethiopic)

 

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Six Books Dormition Narrative

 

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gospel of Nicodemus (=Acts of Pilate 2). Discusses Jesus’ descent into Hell

 

mid-4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kukeans (mentioned by Ephraim and Bar-Konai)

mid-4th century

God was born from the Awakened Sea in the World of Light, and procreated with his own image

Macarius the Great Apocriticus

12

300-350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

pseudo-Justin Martyr. (anonymous) Hortatory Address to the Greeks, Sole Government of God

20.5

200-351-?

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

First Council of Sirmium (Greek creed)

1.5

351

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Julius I of Rome. said Marcellus was Trinitarian

9

339-352

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ammonas (Origenist, a founder of monasticism)

 

340-348/353

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Furius Filocalus. Chronology of 354

20

354

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodore of Heraclea

 

c.330-355

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Arminum, Nicene/Arian compromise Athanasius against all councils after Nicea

0.5

355

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sacramentary of Serapion of Thmuis (Euchologion) (supporter of Athanasius and anti-Origenist)

6.2

350-356

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3rd synod of Arles

353

Supported Arianism and against Athanasius

4th Council of Sirmium

357

Father neither the same nor similar substance as the Son, but greater than the Son

Synod of Seleucia in Isauria (160 bishops)

0.2

357/358

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

King Ezana of Aksum becomes a Christian

c.325-360

King of Ethiopia, Sudan, and parts of Egypt and Yemen

Eusebius of Emesa/Amasea. On the Sufferings and Death of our Lord

3.5

c.359/360

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Potamius of Lisbon, Portugal

 

c.350-360

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jews forbidden to set foot in Jerusalem

325-361

Constantine forbids Jews to be in Jerusalem. Julian later rescinds this decree.

Arian Roman Emperor Constantius

337-353-361

Orthodox bishops were banished, and Athanasius had to go into hiding.

Arian Creed of Nica in Thrace

0.5

356-361

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Life of Antony (probably by Athanasius)

26.5

356-362

W

 

-

W

-

-

-

-

W

W

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arian Candidus’ Two Letters to Marius

c.4

359-362

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marius’s Reply to Candidus (partial)

c.8

359-362

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nemesius of Emesa, Phoenicia

 

late 4th cent.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Julian the Apostate again makes paganism the official Roman religion

361-363

Roman emperor Julian tries to restore paganism until he dies in battle against the Persians. Valentinian becomes emperor in the west, Arian Valens in the east.

Christians killed in Alexandria and Gaza

361-363

Emperor Julian shows some toleration, yet permits persecution of Christians.

Council of Lampascus, near Nicea

364

Rejects the Council of Arminum and Constantinople, affirms Nicea, seems semi-Arian

Felix II replaces banished Roman bishop Liberius

364-365

Liberius banished by Constantius II for refusing to condemn Athanasius.

Exposition of Patricius and Aetius

0.3

363-365

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arian Acacius of Caesarea (liked Eusebius of Caesarea, against Cyril of Jerusalem)

 

366

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hilary of Poitiers (taught Martin of Tours)

226.5

355-367/368

W

 

 

W

-

-

-

W

W

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodore of Tabennesi, Egypt

 

died 368

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Tyana, in Asia Minor

368

Rejects the Council of Arminum, affirms Nicea, and reinstates Eustathius of Sebaste

Council of Ashtishat

 

c.353-369

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synopsis Scripturae Sacrae

3

350-370

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cheltenham Canon (=Mommsen Catalogue)

0.25

ca.360-370

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arian Roman Valens kills Christians in east

370

Valens is finally killed in battle by the Goths, who had converted to Arianism.

Messalians (Adelphius & Alexander the Sleepless)

370-1231

Nothing matters except prayer, which became their idol. Condemned at Ephesus.

Eusebius of Vercelli (persecuted by Arians)

 

c.345-370/371

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vercellensis (Latin a) Mt 1:1-25:1; 25:13-end; Mk 1:1-21;1:35-15:14; Lk 1:1-11:11; 11:27-12:36; 13:1-end. Old Latin NT MSS.

c.345-371

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Athanasius of Alexandria (partial)

412

325-373

W

W

 

W

W

-

-

-

W

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nag Hamadi Teachings of Silvanus

7

before 375

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Optatus of Milevis (converted by Augustine) Against Donatists

70.75

373-375

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Athanaric persecutes Orthodox Visigoths

369-376

After converting to Arianism, Athanaric persecuted Orthodox Christians.

Titus of Bostra. Dead purified after death (like purgatory). wrote 4 books against Manichees

 

before 378

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ephraim/Ephrem, Syrian hymn-writer (partial) (soul sleep)

161.25

350-378

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Felix II replaces banished Roman bishop Liberius

354-365

Liberius banished by Constantius II for refusing to condemn Athanasius.

Fighting: Damasus I vs. Ursinus as Roman bishop

366-378

Emperor sends in troops to stop the fighting. 137 of Ursinus' followers killed.

Macedonius, Pneumatomachian patriarch of Constantinople

342-379

Expelled and tortured Novatianist and Orthodox Christians in Greece and the Balkans. Dug up the corpse of Constantine I.

Macrina, younger sister of Basil/Greg. Nyssa

 

c.327-379

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basil of Cappadocia (Origenist) (partial)

326

357-378/379

W

-

-

W

W

W

W

I

W

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Antioch under Gregory Nyssa

 

378/379

Against both those who worshipped Mary and those who denied the perpetual virginity of Mary, mother of God

Apocalypse of Elijah (both a Jewish and a Christianized Coptic version)

4.6

250-350/380

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Zeno of Verona (90 sermons)

 

362-380

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sapor II persecutes Christians in Persia

379/380-401/2

Heliodorus, Dosa, Ia, and 8K-9K others killed

Apostolic Constitutions (=Constitutions of the Holy Apostles)

114

375-380

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Saragossa, Spain

380

Condemned Priscillian, Salvianus, Instantius, & Helpidius (all had refused to appear)

Orsiesius/Orsisius of Tabenna

 

c.380

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Faustinus of Rome, Luciferian, On the Trinity

 

ca.380

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Laodicea (in Phrygia) (undisputed)

4.5

343-381

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Gangra -vs. Eustastius of Sabaste

1.33

345-381

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Meletius of Antioch (taught Diodore)

 

381

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

First Council of Constantinople -150 bishops

3.75

381-382

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Rome under Damasus I

 

382

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eunomius of Cyzicus (Extreme Anomean Arian)

10.6

360-c.383/395

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bachiarius Libellis de Fide

 

ca.383

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ambrosiaster Questions on the Old and New Testaments (Latin)

157.8

c.384

W

W

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Filastrius/Philastrius of Brescia Catalog of Heresies

 

c.384/381-397

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Helvidius/Helvetius. Jerome was against his view

 

before 838

Jesus’ brothers and sisters in the Bible proved that Mary had children after Jesus

Genuine Acts of Peter of Alexandria

7.75

after 384

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fritigern, Ullingswick, & Ufilas convert Goths to Arianism

360-383

For Ufilas see Socrates’ Ecclesiastical History book 4 ch.33 p.115 and Sozomon’s Ecclesiastical History book 4 ch.23 p.319 and book 6 ch.37 p.373.

Creed of Ufilas (Wulfila/Ufolu/Ulphilas/Orhpila)

0.25

348-383

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jacob of Nisibis

 

305-385

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gregory of Elvira, Spain

 

359-385

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Macedonian and Priscillian heresies

c.383, 385

Macedonians denied H.S. a being. Priscillian denied Jesus God. killed 385 A.D.

Priscillian of Avila, denied the Trinity

 

385

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cyril of Jerusalem (cross over Jerusalem)

142

c.349-386

W

-

-

W

W

-

-

-

-

W

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Damasus I of Rome against Arian Nica Creed

2

c.386-389/384

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Paulinus to Augustine Letters 25,30

2.6

394,396

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vision of Paul (Augustine said forged)

15.25

c.388

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Christians burn down Valentinian Gnostic chapel

388

At the Byzantine outpost of Callinicum in Iraq

Ambrose of Milan (Against Arianism)

446.25

370-390

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tyconius of Africa, On the Apocalypse (Donatist)

 

370-380/390

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tyconius of Africa. The Book of Rules

126.3

370-380/390

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A bishop burns down a Jewish synagogue

379-390

Emperor Theodosius orders the bishop to rebuild it. Ambrose of Milan cautions him.

Apollinaris the Younger of Laodicea (former friend of Basil, later denied Jesus had a soul)

 

died 390

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marcian

 

390

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Letter 16 Maximus of Madaura to Augustine

1.5

390

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gregory of Nazianzen (leader at Constant.)

275

330-391

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Christians burn all pagan temples in Alexandria

391

With emperor’s blessing patriarch Theophilus destroys all pagan temples and images

Pacian of Barcelona (against Novatianists)

c.19

342-379/392

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fortunatus

 

392

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Phoebadius of Agen (wrote against Arians)

 

after 392

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Diodore of Tarsus (taught Chrysostom & Theodore)

 

c.360-390/394

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Constantinople, under Nectarius

1

394

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Macedonians (=Pneumatomachians) deny the Holy Spirit is a distinct being.

 

342-395

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Emperor Theodosius I persecutes Jews, Arians, & Macedonians (=Pneumatomachians)

379-395

Allowed the burning of synagogues. Jews could no longer serve in official positions.

Cyrillones/Qurilona, Syriac poet. Six Hymns

12.1

370-396

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

On the Grains of Wheat possibly by Cyrillones

2.4

370-396

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gregory of Nyssa (Origenist)

495

c.356-397

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

W

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peter of Sabaste, Basil and Gregory’s brother

0.4

378-397

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Julius Hilarian

 

ca.397

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ninian takes the gospel to the Picts

 

397

The Picts lived in northern and eastern Scotland.

Didymus the blind (Origenist, against Pneumatomachians)

 

398

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Luciferian schism (Lucifer of Cagliari,Sardinia)

361-c.399,370

Orthodox beliefs except wouldn’t accept back repentant Arian/semi-Arian clergy

Evagrius Ponticus (Origenist monk)

 

c.381-399

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Siricius was first to call himself Pope in Rome

 

c.384-399

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Epitaph of Pectorius

0.125

100-400

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Syriac Book of Steps (Liber Graduum)

c.189

320/350-400

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sinaitic Old Syriac (Syr S) Mt 1:1-6:10, 7:3-12:4, 12:6-25, 12:29-16:15, 18:11-20:24, 21:20-25:15, 25:17-20, 25:25-26, 25:32-28:7, Mk 1:12-44, 2:21-4:17, 5:1-26, 6:5-16:8 (no ending), Lk 1:36-5:28, 6:12-24:52, Jn 1:25-47, 2:16-4:37, 5:6-25, 5:46-18:31, 19:40-end).

350-400

-

 

 

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Syriac Doctrine of Addai (uses Mk 16:15)

 

390-400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

an estimated 10 or 25 million Christians

400

Ante-Nicene Fathers vol.4 p.126, or World Christian Trends AD 30 – AD 220 p.642

First Council of Toledo, Spain

 

400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p82 Lk 7:32-34, 37-38 (5 verses)

400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p85 Rev 9:19-10:1,5-9 (9 verses)

400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p19 Mt 10:32-40, 10:41-11:5 (16 verses)

400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p50 Acts 8:26-32; 10:26-31 (13 verses)

400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p51 Gal 1:2-10 (9 verses)

400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p117 2 Cor 7:6-11 (6 verses)

400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p122 Jn 21:11-14.22-24 (7 verses)

400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p21 Mt 12:24-26,32f (8 verses)

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p57 Acts 4:36-5:2; 5:8-10 (7 verses)

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p130 Heb 9:9-12; 19-23 (9 verses)

200-400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p132 Eph 3:21-4:2,14-16 (6 verses)

200-400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p134 Jn 1:49-2:1 (4 verses)

200-400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p139 Phm 6-8,18-20 (6 verses)

300-400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Freer Gospels (W) (original) Mt 1-28; Mk 1:1-5:16:20; Lk 1:1-24:53; Jn 5:12-14:25;16:8-21:25

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Codex Bobiensis (Latin k) Mt 1:1-3:10; 4:1-14,17; 15:20-36; Mk 8:8-11,14-16; 8:19-16:8 (346 verses)

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Codex Glazier middle Coptic Acts 1:1-15:3 (522 verses)

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Codex Cottonianus of Genesis (Septuagint)

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

059 Mk 15:20-21,26-27,29-38 (14 verses)

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0160 Mt 26:25-26,34-36 (5 verses)

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0176 Gal 3:16-25 (10 verses)

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0181 Lk 9:59-10:14 (18 verses)

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0214 Mk 8:33-37 (5 verses)

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0219 Rom 2:21-23; 3:8-9,23-25,27-30 (12 verses)

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0315 Mk 2:9,21,25; 3:1-2 (5 verses)

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0323 Jonah (1 page)

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Caelestine/Coelestius of Ireland. Pelagian monk

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Julianus. British bishop and Semi-Pelagian

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fastidus British semi-Pelagian and historian

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hyperechius (Mt, etc.)

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Timothy I of Alexandria

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Maximinus

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Maximus of Turin (fasting at Lent and Pentecost, but not Easter, supremacy of Peter)

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Petilian/Petilianus, Donatist bishop

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Monarchian Prologues (Spanish Priscillianist)

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nonnus of Panopolis (wrote Dionysiaca,  a Gospel of John paraphrase)

 

early 5th cent.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Gnostic Bruce Codex (two books)

 

end of 4th/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Epiphanius of Salamis (wrote on 80 heresies)

 

360-403

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Coptic saint Theophilus of Alexandria

391-403

Persecuted pagans and anti-Origenist monks. The Orthodox remember martyrdoms of 10,000 monks due to him. Presided at the Synod of the Oak against Chrysostom.

Acts of Andrew

5

-403

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acts of Andrew and Matthias

8.75

-403

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amphilochius of Iconium (against Pneumatomachians)

 

c.345-398/404

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Flavian I of Antioch

 

381-404

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prudentius, poet of Tarraconensis, Spain

 

before 405

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pope Innocent I of Rome

 

ca.405

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rufinus, translator and historian (Origenist)

88

374-406

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ethiopic (Geez) Bible translation

before 406

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mesrop Mashtotz translates the Bible into Armenian

after 406

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theotimos, a Scythian friend of Chrysostom

392-407

Tried to convert the Huns just north of the Black Sea. He was an admirer of Origen.

John Chrysostom (partial)

~3000

-407

W

 

 

W

W

 

 

 

W

 

I

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chromatius of Aquileia. 38 sermons + 18 works on Matthew. friend of Chrysostom, tried to reconcile Jerome and Rufinus

 

407

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Severian of Gabala/Jableh (Chrysostom's foe)

150+

398-408

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Maron, ascetic monk, admired by Chrysostom

 

died 410

He and Abraham of Cyrrhus founded the Maronites in Lebanon

Gaudentius of Brescia (Donatist, 21 sermons)

 

406-410

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Asterius of Amasea

22.2

400-410

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

First Nestorian Synod (Seleucia-Ctesiphon)

410

Called by bishop Mar Isaac. Affirmed the Nicene Creed. Said the bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon on par with Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, & Rome.

Violent persecution of and by Donatist sects

411

Augustine protested the harshness of Emperor Honorius’ persecution.

Theophilus of Alexandria

 

412

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Timasius and Jacobus Letter to Augustine

 

before 415

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Niceta of Remesianus, Dacia (Serbia)

c.63

366-c.415

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Dispolis

415

Tries Pelagius and finds him innocent

Life of Paul of Tamma (Coptic saint)

6.7

after 415

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Milevum/Milevis, Numidia. 59 Numidian bishops against Pelagianism

 

416

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Roman Pope Zosimus approves Pelagius’ teachings

417

This was retracted with one year.

Roman Pope Innocent commends Jerome

0.8

417

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Orosius/Hosius of Braga (against Priscillian)

c.20

414-418

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pelagius tried at the Council of Lydda, 25 miles NW Jerusalem. 415 A.D. (People are born neutral.) Confession of Faith 417 A.D.

 

416-418

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Letter of 18 Bishops to Thessalonica

 

c.418

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Letter from Paula & Eustochium to Jerome

 

before 419

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Carthage (218 bishops)

39

393-419

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Greek Neoplatonist mathematician and astronomer Hypatia of Alexandria killed by Christian mob

c.415/419

She was murdered while Cyril of Alexandria was the bishop. The Christian historian Socrates condemned this.

Sulpicius/Sulpitius Severus (pupil of Martin)

116.5

363-420

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jerome of Stridon, later Jerusalem, translated the Bible into Latin as the Vulgate

382-405

Jerome originally though the apocrypha scripture then changed his view to it was only good to read.

Jerome of Stridon (pupil of Gregory Nazianzen) (partial, NPNF only)

~500

405-420

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Palladius’ Lausiac History (short recension)

 

419-420

-

 

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mazdeans persecute Christians in Persia

419-420

Under Persian emperor Vararanes

Second Nestorian Synod (Synod of Yahallaha I)

420

 

Life of Aphou (Coptic work)

1.5

420?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bishop Celestine closes all Novatianist churches in Rome

after 420

Christian historian Socrates condemns this. Closed in Alexandria but still open in Constantinople.

Second Council of Vaison, France (10 canons)

 

422

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fifth Synod at Carthage

 

424

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Third Nestorian Synod (Markabta of Tayyaye)

424

Synod of Dadyeshu. Bishops appointed for Heart and Samarkand.

Philo of Carpasia, Cyprus

0.5

365-425

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sozomen’s Ecclesiastical History

89

370/380-425

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sixth Synod at Carthage

426

To restore Leporius the “ex-proto-Nestorian”

Synod at Constantinople against Massalians

 

426

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodore of Mopsuestia (Pelagian) (partial)

114.5

392-423/429

-

 

 

-

W

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Macarius/Symeon (Mt, etc.)

 

392-423/429

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Petronius of Verona, Italy

 

c.412-429

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Augustine of Hippo (Ambrose’s pupil) (partial)

~4500

388-8/28/430

W

W

 

 

-

-

-

-

W

W

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synesius of Ptolemais (Cyrene)

 

414,397-430

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Cassian (Origenist, father of Semi-Pelagianism)

422.5

419-430

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nilus of Ancyra & Sinai, friend of Chrysostom, against Messalians

 

died c.430

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Polychronius of Apamea brother of Theodore of Mopsuestia

 

c.430

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marcus of Eremita

 

after 430

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Paulinus of Nola, Italy. Ex-senator and married priest who introduced bells in worship. He wrote 51 letters and many poems.

 

431

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nicea to Julius I of Rome, no Eusebius, Adrian

269.75

325-352 A.D.

2+

1+

1+

1+

0+

0+

0+

1+

1+

0+

0+

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Totals 130 Christian writers

13000+

325-431 A.D.

13+

7+

1+

11+

6+

2+

3+

2+

9+

5+

1+

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

Pages

Date A.D.

Ap

Ap

Ap

Ap

Ap

Ap

Ap

Ap

Ap

Ap

Ap

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

www.Biblequery.org/History/ChurchHistory/NiceaToEphesusTeachingOnApologeticsGrid.html. References at www.Biblequery.org/History/ChurchHistory/WhatNiceaUntilEphesusChristiansTaughtOnExperienceAndPractice.html.

by Steven M. Morrison, PhD. If you find what you think are any omissions or errors, please email webmaster@biblequery.org

 

106 years The Council of Nicea until the Council of Ephesus (325-431 A.D.) 285 entries, including 8 missions, 13.5 non-Christian persecutions, 7 spurious works, 33 spiritual counterfeits, and 67 Bible copies

Council of Nicea I 325 A.D. to the death of Athanasius of Alexandria 373 A.D – 112 (113-1) entries

After Athanasius 374 A.D. to the death of Siricius 399 A.D. – 64 (65-1) entries

After Siricius 399 A.D. first Roman bishop to call himself Pope until the Council of Ephesus 431 A.D. – 109 (110-1) entries